• To familiarize participants with the main concepts and technical terms of industrial refractory materials.
• To explain to participants the different types of hot processes and their requirements.
• To explain to participants the different types of industrial refractories
• To explain to participants how to relate process requirements to refractory properties (mechanical, thermal, electrical and chemical/corrosion).
• To provide participants with the basic knowledge and skills for selection of different refractory materials based on process requirements.
• To introduce participants to different manufacturing methods applied to refractory materials and their installation techniques.
• To explain to participants how refractory materials respond to different service conditions and issues related to their quality and reliability.

The course is divided into nine main areas:

• Principles of hot processes and their requirements, Properties of refractory materials (mechanical, thermal and corrosion resistance), Refractory compositions and structures and their relation to property and performance, Refractory selection criteria, Refractory manufacturing methods, Configurations and installations techniques, Refractory system design, Performance in service, Quality and Reliability considerations. The course is designed such that no previous background in metallurgy is necessary. The course can, also, be tailored for specific needs if required by certain participants.

  Introduction

• Technical Perspectives

• Historical Perspectives

1. Foundations of Hot Processing
   • Computational Quantities and Conversion Factors
   • Hot Processing Temperatures and Their Measurement
   • Process Chemistry and Environments
2. Foundations of Refractory Application
   • Contemporary Hot Processing Equipment
   • Continuous Types – Vertical
   • Continuous Types – Horizontal
   • Batch Types – Circular
   • Batch Types – Rectangular
   • Other Refractory Applications
3. Principles of Thermal Stability
   • Melting Points of Substances
   • Melting of Oxide Mixtures
   • Microstructural Integrity
4. Principles of Corrosion Resistance: Oxidation-Reduction
   • Importance of Corrosion
   • Gibbs Free Energies
   • Refractory Alteration by Oxidation-Reduction
5. Principles of Corrosion Resistance: Hot Liquids
   • Liquid Penetration and Dissolution-Corrosion
   • Factors Governing Penetration
   • Factors Governing Dissolution
6. Principles of Corrosion Resistance: Hot Gases and Dusts
   • Atmospheric Penetration and Condensation
   • Dusts: Deposition and Abrasion
   • Conclusion: Principles of Working Refractory Construction
7. The Working Refractory Product Line
   • Classification of Working Refractories
   • Maximum Service Temperatures
   • Maximum Service Temperatures
   • Corrosion Resistance
   • Qualifications for Working Refractory Service
8. The Insulating Refractory Product Line
   • Applications and Application Criteria
   • Classification of Insulating Refractories
   • Physical Form and Installation of Linings
9. Refractory Practice
   • Refractory Qualifications in Review
   • Refractory Practice from Qualifications
   • Catalogue of Refractory Practice
10. Design Properties: Thermal and Electrical
    • Reversible Thermal Expansion
    • Permanent Deformation
    • Specific Heat
    • Thermal Conductivity
    • Electrical Conductivity
11. Design Properties: Mechanical
    • Elasticity and Plasticity
    • Mechanical Characterization of Refractories
    • Illustrative Mechanical Properties of Refractories
12. Refractory Manufacture
    • Consolidated Flow Diagram for Refractories
    • From Raw Materials to Forming
    • Forming of Masonry and Special Shapes
    • Agglomeration for Sintered Grain
    • Drying and Firing of Refractories
    • Quality Assurance in Manufacture
13. Refractory Installation and Maintenance
    • Structural Engineering
    • Masonry Construction
    • Installation of Monolithics

• Course Conclusion